The performer walks and gestures, but the puppet’s movements are larger and slower. Some body puppets have a second operator for the arms.

Very imposing size; can interact with human actors on stage; highly visible in large venues.

Beautiful silhouette effects; can depict magic, demons, and transformations easily; puppeteers can be hidden and speak multiple roles.

Punch and Judy (UK), traditional Turkish Karagöz (actually shadow, but often misclassified), Sesame Street’s simpler characters (e.g., Ernie before full-body Muppet conversion).

Allows “conversation” between puppeteer and puppet; portable; works on any stage.

Unlimited character designs; no material wear; can perform impossible feats.

One hand enters the back of the neck/body to move the mouth in sync with the performer’s speech (without lip movement on the performer). The other hand can manipulate a separate arm rod or be free.