The term "vasculotoxic" is somewhat of a misnomer, as the venom primarily affects blood vessels and blood components. Key families include Viperidae (e.g., Daboia russelii , Echis carinatus , Bothrops atrox ) and some Colubridae. In India, Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, viper bites account for the majority of vasculotoxic envenomations. The clinical syndrome is dominated by local tissue destruction, coagulopathy, and systemic vascular leakage. Without prompt intervention, patients succumb to intracranial hemorrhage, acute kidney injury (AKI), or hypovolemic shock. The vasculotoxic action is mediated by a complex mixture of enzymes and peptides.
[Generated for Academic Purposes] Affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine & Tropical Medicine vasculotoxic snake bite
PLA2 enzymes damage endothelial cell membranes directly and promote the release of inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes, prostaglandins). They also inhibit platelet aggregation through the hydrolysis of platelet membrane phospholipids, exacerbating the bleeding diathesis. The term "vasculotoxic" is somewhat of a misnomer,