Before 2020, the IMSS medical certificate was predominantly a physical document, handwritten or printed, stamped with the official clinic seal, and signed by a treating physician. However, 2020 marked a watershed moment. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the IMSS to rapidly accelerate its digital transformation, leading to the widespread adoption of electronic certificates and remote medical consultations.
[Your Name/Academic Institution] Date: April 14, 2026 Abstract The medical certificate issued by the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is a fundamental document for justifying work and school absences due to illness. In 2020, the convergence of two major phenomena—the continued digital modernization of the IMSS and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic—radically transformed the nature, issuance, and social perception of the justificante médico . This paper examines the normative evolution, formal structure, and practical application of the IMSS medical certificate in 2020, focusing on the shift from paper-based to digital formats, the implementation of remote issuance (E-Consultation), and the challenges of fraud, accessibility, and legal validity. The analysis is based on official IMSS regulations, the General Health Law, and empirical reports from Mexican civil society.
IMSS, medical certificate, 2020, COVID-19, digital health, justificante médico, labor rights. 1. Introduction The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is the largest public health institution in Latin America. One of its most frequently requested documents is the justificante médico —an official form certifying that a beneficiary attended a medical consultation and requires a period of rest or was unable to fulfill work/school duties due to health reasons.
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