[ \phi = \fracJ_pulseJ_lim \gg 1, \quad \textwith J_lim = \fracn F D c_b\delta ] and ( t_p < \tau_diff = \fracL^2D )
Modern applications demand —repeated, extremely high-current pulses (e.g., 50C–200C) for very brief durations (1–100 ms). Under these conditions, a hitherto understudied degradation regime emerges: the Flash Cycling Side . Unlike typical “fast charging” (1–10C over minutes), flash cycling induces a non-equilibrium state where the anode’s near-surface lithium concentration collapses or overshoots within microseconds, triggering parasitic reactions that do not appear in standard cycle tests. flash cycling side
| Test Group | Protocol | Current | Pulse width | Rest | Cycles to 80% SOH | |------------|----------|---------|-------------|------|-------------------| | A (control) | CC-CV | 1C | continuous | N/A | 1200 | | B (fast charge) | CC | 5C | 12 min pulse | 5 min | 350 | | C (flash cycle) | pulsed | 80C | 50 ms | 950 ms | 78 | [ \phi = \fracJ_pulseJ_lim \gg 1, \quad \textwith
This paper is a conceptual synthesis; experimental validation is urgently required by the battery community. | Test Group | Protocol | Current |